Mitochondrial Antioxidants - Extinguish Mitochondrially Produced Free Radicals Before They Damage the Mitochondria and Go Into the Cell to Damage it As Well.
Mitochondria are the power generating organelles that produce energy within our cells, thus enabling life. The mitchondria create energy which enables life, but the mitochondria also create free radicals which destroy life.
Quintillions of Free Radicals Are Created Within the Mitochondria Each Day
Our cellular mitochondria oxidize fuel (fat or sugar in the presence of oxygen) to release energy. As part of this production of energy and due to inherent inefficiencies in energy production (mitochondria are still four times more efficient than internal combustion engines) about 200,000 mitochondrial free radicals (superoxide anion oxides) are created per second per mitochondria.
Since each cell has multiple mitochondria (heart cells, for instance have up to 3,000 mitochondria per cell) and since there are 75 trillion cells in one human body that means that millions of trillions of superoxide anion free radicals are created each second within the body. If these mitochondrial free radicals are NOT quickly quenched they will damage the mitochondria and escape out into the cell and do damage to other cellular organelles, such as the DNA and cellular membranes. Once liberated into the cell, they can also metamorphosis into more powerful free radicals that rampage throughout the body, accelerating aging and disease processes.
DNA Damage by Free Radicals Cannot Be Repaired
Some types of cellular free radical damage can be repaired, but once DNA is damaged (either the DNA in the cellular nucleus or the DNA in the mitochondria), there is no possibility for repair. We have permanently been degraded or “aged”. Damaged mitochondrial DNA means that our mitochondria are less efficient and, therefore, produce more free radicals, accelertaing the aging or dying process. So, obviously having mitochondrial antioxidants to stand guard against the overwhelming numbers of mitochondrial free radicals being produced is a highest priority.
Most antioxidants are not capable of working within the mitochondria because they cannot get inside. (The mitochondria are protected by two layers of membranes.) The antioxidants that are allowed inside the mitochondria are known as mitochondrial antioxidants. They are:
- Glutathione
- Superoxide Dismutase
- Catalase
- Alpha Lipoic Acid
Mitochondrial antioxidants are the antioxidants that the body most needs in order to avoid to have any hope of keeping up with the quintillions of free radicals being produced. These four antioxidants are the only antioxidants that have been shown to furnish longevity extending benefits similar to under-eating or fasting.
Glutathione
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